Traditional ceramics and advanced ceramics are not clear? A comprehensive understanding of advanced ceramics together

Traditional ceramics, also called general ceramics, can be divided into daily-use ceramics, art ceramics, architectural and sanitary ceramics, etc. by application.
Advanced ceramics, also known as special ceramics (advanced ceramics), fine ceramics, high performance ceramics, high technology ceramics, etc.
Traditional Ceramics
Traditional ceramics are made of natural silicate minerals (porcelain stone, clay, feldspar, quartz sand, etc.), which are crushed, finely ground, blended, shaped, dried, and forged and fired by traditional processes. Advanced ceramics are made of high purity, ultra-fine synthetic inorganic compounds (with or without silicides) as raw materials, sintered using a precision-controlled advanced process, and are a new generation of ceramics with a finer structure and better performance than traditional ceramics.
Advanced Ceramics
According to the use of performance can be divided into structural ceramics (engineering ceramics) and functional ceramics. Structural ceramics are mainly mechanical properties such as strength, stiffness, hardness, elasticity and toughness, while functional ceramics are mainly functional properties such as light, electricity, magnetism, heat and sound.
In daily life, we can commonly see the "advanced ceramics" products are: ceramic fruit knife, cell phone back, ceramic watches, jewelry, go, ceramic U disk shell, etc., and these belong to the special ceramics in the structural ceramics category.
According to the chemical composition can be divided into oxide class and non-oxide class. The former includes a variety of oxides and oxygenates; the latter includes nitrides, carbides, borides, etc.. The former is generally used for functional ceramics, the latter for engineering ceramics. Some varieties are used for manufacturing engine parts, automobile parts, TV sets, blowers, fire alarms, high temperature extrusion molds, etc.. It can also be used to manufacture high temperature resistant nozzles, which are suitable for national defense needs.
I. We can distinguish mainly from the following aspects
Traditional ceramics and advanced ceramics
1, in raw materials, breaking the traditional Chinese ceramics to clay as the main raw material boundaries, special ceramics are generally oxide, nitride, silicide, boride, carbide, etc. as the main raw material. The main difference is that special ceramics raw materials of various chemical composition, morphology, particle size and distribution, etc. can be precisely controlled.
2, in terms of composition, the composition of traditional ceramics by the composition of clay, so different origins and kilns have different textures of ceramics. Because the raw materials of special ceramics are pure compounds, so the composition is determined by artificial ratios, and its properties are determined by the purity of raw materials and processes, rather than by the origin.
3, in the custom process, molding more advanced methods such as isostatic pressing, injection molding and vapor deposition, can obtain a uniform density distribution and relatively accurate billet size, billet density has also been greatly improved; sintering methods break through the traditional ceramic kiln as the main means of production boundaries, the extensive use of vacuum sintering, protective atmosphere sintering, hot pressing, thermostatic pressing, reaction sintering and self-propagation of high-temperature sintering and other means.
4, in performance, special ceramics with different special properties and functions, such as high strength, high hardness, corrosion resistance, electrical conductivity, insulation and in the magnetic, electrical, optical, acoustic, biological engineering with special features in various aspects, thus making it in high temperature, mechanical, electronic, aerospace, medical engineering in various aspects of a wide range of applications.
With the development of materials science and manufacturing process improvements, the internal structure of ceramics tends to refine, dense and make the material performance significantly improved, so that new special features, in the process of its development, a large number of multi-functional, high-performance special ceramics should be born.
Second, the future direction of development of advanced ceramics
Although more than a thousand years ago, ceramics has been widely used in human daily life, but ceramics as a part to gradually replace some precision equipment in the past is unthinkable. Today, with the development of science and technology, special ceramics with its superior performance, in various industries are playing an irreplaceable role. In Japan, Germany and other developed countries, high-performance ceramics exhibition, the charm of special ceramics can be seen everywhere, a piece of precision and giant instruments and equipment in this port to bloom.
At present, the level of domestic special ceramics is limited to some small and precise parts, some large equipment and instruments still lack of mastery of its forming and other technologies. But with the widespread use in electronics, medicine, food, military chemicals and other fields, the development of special ceramics in China is also playing an increasingly important role. Such as aircraft ceramic bearings, warships on the deck, bulletproof vest, etc., the development of new materials such as special ceramics in China is also quite rapid.